MICR 201 Study guide Chapters 1-6. Spring 2005

Chapter 1.
1. How numerous are microorganisms that are associated with a human body?

2. How do microorganisms contribute to human health and welfare?

3. What are some of the main effects of microorganisms on our planet?

4. Which organisms are subjects for study of microbiology?

5. What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

6. How, when and by whom were microorganisms discovered?

7. What is spontaneous generation and how was it disproved?

8. How was the Germ Theory of Disease proved?

9. What were Louis Pasteur's major contributions to microbiology?

10. What are Koch's postulates?

11. Which disease-causing bacteria were discovered by Koch?

Chapter 2.
1. What is matter composed of and what are the components and properties of elements, atoms, ions, molecules and compounds?

2. What makes atoms stable and in what ways is stability achieved?

3. What are the 3 main types of bonds between atoms and how are they formed?

4. Why is water a polar molecule and hydrocarbons like methane nonpolar?

5. What properties of water are important for sustaining life?

6. What is a solvent? What are solutions?

7. What is pH and the pH scale and how do acids and bases affect pH by altering the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions?

8. What are organic compounds and what determines the amount of energy they contain?

9. What are the main functional groups present in organic compounds and what are their properties?

10. What are the major classes of complex organic compounds in cells, what is their chemical composition and properties, and what are their functions in the cell?

11. How do interactions between water and phospholipid molecules result in formation of a cell membrane?

12. What is the chemical structure of amino acids and proteins, what is a peptide bond, and what are the levels of structure of proteins?

13. What are the chemical structures of nucleotides and nucleic acids and what are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?

Chapter 3.
1. What do microbial growth media supply to cells?

2. With reference to the nutritional components present in various microbial growth media, what are the two main types?

3. What are the main components of the light microscope and in what order does the light travel through the components from the light source to the eye?

4. How does the oil immersion lens work?

5. What are the major types of stains used to observe microorganisms and their structures under the microscope?

6. What does the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain reveal about the structure of microbial cells?

Chapter 4.
1. What are the sizes, shapes and arrangements of microbial cells and what are the scientific terms used to describe them?

2. What is the chemical composition and structure of prokaryotic cell walls (Gram positive and negative and acid fast)?

3. What is the function, chemical composition and structure of the cell membrane?

4. What is located in the periplasmic space and what are their functions?

5. What chemicals and structures are located inside bacterial cells?

6. What are endospores and what are their functions?

7. What structures are located on the outside of microbial cells and what are their functions?

8. What is binomial nomenclature, who invented it and what makes up a species name?

9. What are the names of the kingdoms of the Five Kingdom system and what organisms do they contain?

10. What characteristics of bacteria are used to classify them taxonomically?

11. For the sections of Bergey's manual that contain medically important bacteria, know the Genus name of the organisms we covered in lecture and the disease(s) they cause. You don not need to know the section number or characteristics of the bacteria (i.e. gram stain or shape).

Chapter 5.
1. What are the components that make up Eukaryotic cells and what are their functions?

2. Know the specialized terms and definitions used in the field of parasitology.

3. What are the effects of parasites on their host?

4. What are the major groups of protozoa that contain parasites?

5. Know the Genus names of the parasitic protests and the diseases they cause.

6. What are the characteristics of fungal cells and what are some important diseases caused by parasitic fungi?

7. What are the main groups of parasitic helminths and what diseases do they cause?

8. What are the major arthropod parasites, what disease-causing organisms do they transmit and what disease is caused by them?

Chapter 6.
1. What are the general characteristics of viruses?

2. What are the components of viruses?

3. What are their shapes and sizes?

4. How are viruses classified?

5. What are important diseases caused by RNA and DNA viruses?

6. What effects do viruses have on cells?

7. What are emerging viral diseases and what factors contribute to their emergence?

8. What are virus-like agents and what diseases do they cause?

9. How do viruses infect cells and how are viral particles produced?

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Last updated: Feb. 9, 2005/jdh